Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Spel Case Free Essays
After killing the friend who was left with the shortest straw, the remaining plunders are rescued a couple weeks later and shared their story with their community. The friends are soon met with charges of homicide and disapproval from the public for their lack of moral awareness. This essay will argue that murder is Justifiable when the reality of grim conditions exists. We will write a custom essay sample on Spel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequences from such an action do not come to mind when decisions are based solely on emotions and not made with morals and ethical obligations set by society. The spelunkers depended on the murder of one of their friends in order to survive. In a normal situation, these friends would never purposely hurt, let alone ill, one another. The Intent of the person killing Is something to consider. When confronted with the dilemma of having Limited resources, killing each other was the only option for food. The special circumstance these friends were faced with, led too violent act of survival. The spelunkers waited a week after being trapped before normally commit, but cannibalism is something they would not practice either. The thought of eating human flesh to the average person is not desirable. But when put in extenuating circumstances, the reasonable person would do anything in order to live. The immense amount of pressure the friends experienced in making this decision was heightened by the hunger in their bellies and the fear in their hearts. Still, aggression and violence is usually associated with murder. That is not the case in this situation. There was no plan to purposefully and maliciously kill one of their friends before they were trapped. Death was the inevitable future of the four friends and the act of killing the randomly chosen friend brought that reality forward. The system that the spelunkers chose in picking who would die for the greater good of the group was a fair method. One person was not singled out to be killed for any other reason besides having the shortest straw and to be the emergency food source. This is validates that killing one of their friends was only to increase their chances of living. Murder, even though a drastic measure to survive, was absolutely necessary due to the reality of their dire situation. Once the spelunkers were caved in, the reality of their fate was sealed and the probability of surviving this disastrous event was unlikely. The friends had no idea that a trip full of adventure and fun would lead to such a tragic decision. When the subject of reality comes up, the idea of life and existence follows. Human beings have instincts that help them adapt and thrive in unfortunate mishaps. When lives are threatened or challenged, the truth is, people will do anything in their power to save themselves. The case of the spelunkers is no different. Even though the idea of having to kill and eat their friend is unwelcome, it was the best option for survival. There are some things in life that are uncontrollable and the natural occurrence of a cave-in is Just that. The spelunkers had no connection to the outside world and the session to kill and eat another human was made in the security of their own world, away from the rules of society. Though unintentional, the reality of the spelunkersââ¬â¢ situation led to an irreversible decision, in which the consequences were an afterthought. Consequences usually have a negative connotation associated with them. The dire circumstances in which the friends were in, led them to make choices in order to survive. The repercussions the three friends would face were an afterthought in light of trying to survive. In the moment of making the decision to kill another human eyeing, the last thing on their minds was what people would think of them afterwards. They were simply trying to live. Instead of being regarded as brave and courageous in the eye of death, the remaining spelunkers were shamed and ostracizes from society for killing their friend. To be snubbed by the community where one lives is very difficult to process, especially after the ordeal they Just went through. Then to be categorized as murderers and charged with homicide is unfair. The rules of law should not apply to special circumstances like the case of the spelunkers. If the here friends had not killed their friend and ate him, they would not be alive to tell their story. The consequences of being shunned by the community and being charged with murder, though unanticipated, undoubtedly stirred up emotions of guilt and shame for doing what they needed to do in order to survive. Tit feelings such as fear, despair, or hopelessness, the human mind can make decisions it would not normally. The spelunkers went through a spectrum of emotions before and after the killing of their friend. Being presented with such a calamitous situation, such as being trapped in a cave, can induce a state of panic and anxiety. As much as the four friends wanted to stay calm and wait p atiently for help, the idea of dying was too frightening. The simple fear of not being able to survive due to limited resources prompted the idea of drawing straws. After the straws were drawn, reality set in that one of them would be eaten. And for the three friends to not feel remorse or guilt after killing their friend was nearly impossible. This act was not an easy one and the remorse and guilt will not go away. Without the sacrifice of the friend who died, none of the men would be alive. The friends are grateful and appreciative for their friendââ¬â¢s sacrifice for them to live, yet sad and remorseful that their situation led them to that conclusion. Since the spelunkers were faced with fear they may not live, they acted with their emotions instead of the morals they would have normally abided by in everyday life. Having morals helps people chose from right and wrong doings. For the most part, the majority of humans would not result to violence or murder in a normal, everyday circumstance. There must be a catalyst for such behavior. In the case of the spelunkers, their feelings superseded moral consideration based on the fear of death. The emotionally charged spelunkers thought with their hearts and not with their minds. So is the difference between emotions and morals. The friendships that the four men shared were strong and the loyalty they had to one another was proven by the participation in drawing straws. This moral dilemma was the ultimate test of the bond the friends shared. The three friends should not be held responsible for murder based on their limited options of survival. The menââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ morals did not come into consideration when trying to fight to stay alive. Though the decision to kill their friend for the benefit of the groupââ¬â¢s survival is questionable, the spelunkers should not be charged with homicide. Killing someone under any other circumstance is a plausible reason to arrest and charge someone of murder. But the reality of the situation is, if the spelunkers had enough resources and if emotions such as fear for survival did not exist, murder would not have occurred because their morals would tell them that the consequences for such action, such as the absence of their friend, being charged for murder, and being ostracizes, was not worth it. The truth is, the spelunkers had no other choice but to omit this powerful act if they wanted to stay alive. And, if they had not killed their friend, four people would be dead instead of Just one person. Every day, people are faced with moral dilemmas and controversial subject matters. Those people are no different than the spelunkers. Although the circumstances surrounding this controversy are not a normal, fear can drive people to do things they would not typically do. If the roles were reverse and if anyone else were in the place of the spelunkers, it would be a challenge for people to accept death without trying everything they could to survive. How to cite Spel Case, Papers
Spel Case Free Essays
After killing the friend who was left with the shortest straw, the remaining plunders are rescued a couple weeks later and shared their story with their community. The friends are soon met with charges of homicide and disapproval from the public for their lack of moral awareness. This essay will argue that murder is Justifiable when the reality of grim conditions exists. We will write a custom essay sample on Spel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequences from such an action do not come to mind when decisions are based solely on emotions and not made with morals and ethical obligations set by society. The spelunkers depended on the murder of one of their friends in order to survive. In a normal situation, these friends would never purposely hurt, let alone ill, one another. The Intent of the person killing Is something to consider. When confronted with the dilemma of having Limited resources, killing each other was the only option for food. The special circumstance these friends were faced with, led too violent act of survival. The spelunkers waited a week after being trapped before normally commit, but cannibalism is something they would not practice either. The thought of eating human flesh to the average person is not desirable. But when put in extenuating circumstances, the reasonable person would do anything in order to live. The immense amount of pressure the friends experienced in making this decision was heightened by the hunger in their bellies and the fear in their hearts. Still, aggression and violence is usually associated with murder. That is not the case in this situation. There was no plan to purposefully and maliciously kill one of their friends before they were trapped. Death was the inevitable future of the four friends and the act of killing the randomly chosen friend brought that reality forward. The system that the spelunkers chose in picking who would die for the greater good of the group was a fair method. One person was not singled out to be killed for any other reason besides having the shortest straw and to be the emergency food source. This is validates that killing one of their friends was only to increase their chances of living. Murder, even though a drastic measure to survive, was absolutely necessary due to the reality of their dire situation. Once the spelunkers were caved in, the reality of their fate was sealed and the probability of surviving this disastrous event was unlikely. The friends had no idea that a trip full of adventure and fun would lead to such a tragic decision. When the subject of reality comes up, the idea of life and existence follows. Human beings have instincts that help them adapt and thrive in unfortunate mishaps. When lives are threatened or challenged, the truth is, people will do anything in their power to save themselves. The case of the spelunkers is no different. Even though the idea of having to kill and eat their friend is unwelcome, it was the best option for survival. There are some things in life that are uncontrollable and the natural occurrence of a cave-in is Just that. The spelunkers had no connection to the outside world and the session to kill and eat another human was made in the security of their own world, away from the rules of society. Though unintentional, the reality of the spelunkersââ¬â¢ situation led to an irreversible decision, in which the consequences were an afterthought. Consequences usually have a negative connotation associated with them. The dire circumstances in which the friends were in, led them to make choices in order to survive. The repercussions the three friends would face were an afterthought in light of trying to survive. In the moment of making the decision to kill another human eyeing, the last thing on their minds was what people would think of them afterwards. They were simply trying to live. Instead of being regarded as brave and courageous in the eye of death, the remaining spelunkers were shamed and ostracizes from society for killing their friend. To be snubbed by the community where one lives is very difficult to process, especially after the ordeal they Just went through. Then to be categorized as murderers and charged with homicide is unfair. The rules of law should not apply to special circumstances like the case of the spelunkers. If the here friends had not killed their friend and ate him, they would not be alive to tell their story. The consequences of being shunned by the community and being charged with murder, though unanticipated, undoubtedly stirred up emotions of guilt and shame for doing what they needed to do in order to survive. Tit feelings such as fear, despair, or hopelessness, the human mind can make decisions it would not normally. The spelunkers went through a spectrum of emotions before and after the killing of their friend. Being presented with such a calamitous situation, such as being trapped in a cave, can induce a state of panic and anxiety. As much as the four friends wanted to stay calm and wait p atiently for help, the idea of dying was too frightening. The simple fear of not being able to survive due to limited resources prompted the idea of drawing straws. After the straws were drawn, reality set in that one of them would be eaten. And for the three friends to not feel remorse or guilt after killing their friend was nearly impossible. This act was not an easy one and the remorse and guilt will not go away. Without the sacrifice of the friend who died, none of the men would be alive. The friends are grateful and appreciative for their friendââ¬â¢s sacrifice for them to live, yet sad and remorseful that their situation led them to that conclusion. Since the spelunkers were faced with fear they may not live, they acted with their emotions instead of the morals they would have normally abided by in everyday life. Having morals helps people chose from right and wrong doings. For the most part, the majority of humans would not result to violence or murder in a normal, everyday circumstance. There must be a catalyst for such behavior. In the case of the spelunkers, their feelings superseded moral consideration based on the fear of death. The emotionally charged spelunkers thought with their hearts and not with their minds. So is the difference between emotions and morals. The friendships that the four men shared were strong and the loyalty they had to one another was proven by the participation in drawing straws. This moral dilemma was the ultimate test of the bond the friends shared. The three friends should not be held responsible for murder based on their limited options of survival. The menââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ morals did not come into consideration when trying to fight to stay alive. Though the decision to kill their friend for the benefit of the groupââ¬â¢s survival is questionable, the spelunkers should not be charged with homicide. Killing someone under any other circumstance is a plausible reason to arrest and charge someone of murder. But the reality of the situation is, if the spelunkers had enough resources and if emotions such as fear for survival did not exist, murder would not have occurred because their morals would tell them that the consequences for such action, such as the absence of their friend, being charged for murder, and being ostracizes, was not worth it. The truth is, the spelunkers had no other choice but to omit this powerful act if they wanted to stay alive. And, if they had not killed their friend, four people would be dead instead of Just one person. Every day, people are faced with moral dilemmas and controversial subject matters. Those people are no different than the spelunkers. Although the circumstances surrounding this controversy are not a normal, fear can drive people to do things they would not typically do. If the roles were reverse and if anyone else were in the place of the spelunkers, it would be a challenge for people to accept death without trying everything they could to survive. How to cite Spel Case, Papers
Monday, May 4, 2020
Five Levels of Maslowââ¬â¢s Hierarchy in Cast Away free essay sample
Needs, includes the most basic needs that are vital at survival, like the need for water, air food and sleep. Security needs, includes needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Some examples are health insurance, shelter from the environment. Social needs, includes needs for belonging, love and affection. Examples of Social needs are friendship and families help fulfill this needs for companionship and acceptance. Esteem needs, becomes increasingly important after the first three needs have been contented. It includes the needs for things that reflect on self-esteem, such as social recognition, accomplishment, social recognition. Self-actualizing needs, is the highest level of Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy of needs. People that are self-actualizing are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. The needs that appeared to be most urgent and necessary were the Physiological needs; Chuck Nolandââ¬â¢s actions agreed with Maslowââ¬â¢s Hierarchy when we got on the island, he immediately sought food. We will write a custom essay sample on Five Levels of Maslowââ¬â¢s Hierarchy in Cast Away or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The items that were already present on the island were Coconuts, Rocks, Sticks, and Palmetto Leaves. They met the needs of Physiological and Safety. The items that Chuck Noland used from the FedEx boxes were Clothing, Volleyball, Ice Skates, and VHS tapes. The needs that these items met were Physiological and Love. The movie Cast Away, Chuck Noland was stranded on an island. He was stuck there for about four years. As the years went by, he became more aware of how to survive. He knew how to find food, how to make shelter, and how to keep himself company. He used his volleyball that was in a FedEx box as a friend to talk to. He used leaves and sticks and sunlight to build a fire. He used porta potty as shelter. He also used anything for food. He was the only one who survived on that island from all of his co-workers. He finally built a boat and went in the water. Soon he found a huge ship that he climbed onto and sent home. When he got home nobody recognized him. Also when he got home, he got told bad news. His fiance that he was planning on marrying thought he was dead and fell in love with his dentist, and ended up marrying him. In my opinion I do think Chuck Noland met his need for self-actualization during his stay on the island. For example, self-actualization means self-aware, concerned with personal growth, and less concerned with the opinions of others. He honestly didnââ¬â¢t care what other people that about him, he thought he was successful and a hard worker. All in all, the movie Cast Away was very good movie that represented the five levels of Maslowââ¬â¢s Hierarchy.
Monday, March 30, 2020
Strategic Management Plan
Introduction Strategic management plan finds use in promoting strategic leadership as well as in strategic planning to ensure that the business processes of an organization are in line with goals (Probst, Raub, Romhardt 1999). Strategic plan should reflect the goals and vision that the organization aspires to accomplish within a given period of time. It entails the principles of management that enables the organization to govern its decisions and actions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It enables an organization to focus its energy on achieving common goals as well as in evaluating and adjusting its operations to be able to respond to the changing environment. It enables organizations to formulate effective means of responding to the hostile environmental conditions by developing consciously responsive ways to the dynamics in the environment (Chen, Ham brick, Nag, 2007). Greenwood Nurseryââ¬â¢s primary objective is to promote the growth of new wood as well as to maintain healthy fruit formation. Strategic management planning is therefore very important to Greenwood Nursery in ensuring that it maintains sustainability in its environmental operations as well as in ensuring that the communities that it serves are provided with plant species which are able to successfully thrive in the specific environments despite the environmental dynamics. Greenwood Nursery also needs strategic management plan to develop appropriate cost-cutting measures in its operations and in ensuring strategic leadership in the organization as well as environmental leadership in the community that it serves. Strategic Management Process Environmental Analysis Once an organization has reviewed its objectives, it starts from its current situation to work out a strategic plan that would enable it achieve its objectives. An environmental analysis is done to ide ntify the opportunities available to an organization to enable it meet the set objectives (Davidow, Uttal, 1990). The organization has to understand its own capabilities as well as limitations. This would enable the organization choose opportunities which can help it achieve greater success. The organization also has to analyze its external environment which includes the macro-environment that affects all organizations, and the micro-environment which include all those factors which affect organizations in particulars sector. The macro-environment in this case may include technological, social, economic, as well as political factors. Micro-environment analysis should be very specific to the factors which affect the organization. These factors may include the operational efficiency and capacity of the organization, the organizational structure and image, the organizationââ¬â¢s access and utilization of natural resources, financial resources, as well as the key staff among many ot her factors (Heskett, 1986).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategy Formulation Once the analysis has been done to identify the environmental forces affecting the organization, it now embarks on developing specific strategic alternatives which can be applied to ensure that the organization meets its objectives and mission (Ohmae, 1982). Implementation The organization has to decode the complex and abstract terms developed during the strategy formulation process into very detailed policies which can be understood by every individual in the organization at every functional level of the organization. This would help place more emphasis on any practical issues which might not have been understood well at a higher functional level. Implementation requires that the strategy be developed into specific strategies for each functional unit in the organization. This phase also invol ves the identification of the required resources as well as adopting the necessary changes in the organization. This stage involves distributing resources, designing the structure of the organization, managing the organizationââ¬â¢s human resources as well as developing the organizationââ¬â¢s decision making process. The implementation process involves putting in place benchmarks against which the organization can be measured (Lamb, 1984). Evaluation After the implementation, the organizationââ¬â¢s processes have to be measured and evaluated to determine the extent of objective achievements. The internal and external factors have to be evaluated so as to obtain facts which are used to consider possible corrective measures. The process should determine the organizationââ¬â¢s suitability, acceptability as well as feasibility (Lamb, 1984). Greenwood Nursery: Strategic Management Plan Mission Greenwood Nurseryââ¬â¢s mission is to conserve the environment and to enhance th e communityââ¬â¢s capacity to improve the quality of the environment. Core Functions The core functions of Greenwood Nursery are conservation and stewardship by providing plants species which protect and add aesthetic value to the environment and by enhancing the communityââ¬â¢s capacity to ensure environment sustainability. The other core functions include research, analysis as well as information management to enable the organization provide technical services to its customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vision Greenwood Nurseryââ¬â¢s vision is to enhance the communityââ¬â¢s capacity to improve the quality of their environment and to add aesthetic value to their environment. Assessment An analysis to determine the organizationââ¬â¢s performance was done in December 2010 and the compilation of the analysis was as follows. Strengths The demand for the organizationââ¬â¢s products and plant species continues to rise as the organization maintains workers motivation to perform their duties perfectly. The reputation of the organization has also improved and most customers from the community tend to prefer the organizationââ¬â¢s services to other organizations. Weaknesses The organization only relies on the internet to market its products and services and also put less effort in ensuring customers and the community involvement. Opportunities It is important that the organization adopts a leadership style that is more customer-oriented which would ensure customers and community involvement. It is also important to develop a more comprehensive marketing strategy that involves the use of traditional and modern communication channels. The marketing strategy should also involve measures that focus more emphasis on the customersââ¬â¢ perception and capacity development. Threats The major threat on the organization ââ¬â¢s operations is inadequate time to follow up community capacity development in ensuring sustainable environment. Goals Goal 1: To increase the diversity of plants species in the organizationââ¬â¢s nursery and garden.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization will carry out research to find more plant species which are appealing to its customers and can easily adapt to the environmental conditions of the region. The organization will also research on the impacts of such new plant species on the environment including their invasive influence on the plant diversity in the organizationââ¬â¢s garden and in the surrounding region. Goal 2: To take a leadership role in developing consistent as well as dynamic working relationships with the members of the community. In order to achieve this goal, the organization intends to put in place several measures aimed at positive environmental relationship with the community members who are the Greenwood Nurseryââ¬â¢s customers. The organization would create a department to offer consultation services to its customers on the maintenance and development processes of the various plant species available in the organizationââ¬â¢s garden. The organizations will also provide outreach education services to the surrounding community to enable them understand the environmental sustainability and how to achieve and maintain environmental quality. In order to achieve positive relationship that would also market the organizationââ¬â¢s plant nursery and gardens as well as its services, the organization will also foster relationships with its customers by offering critical health and safety matters associated with the plants. Goal 3: To enhance the organizationââ¬â¢s workers empowerment through retraining and knowledge development. The organization acknowledges the significance of the human resource in achieving quality services to customers as well as healthy plants. The organization will involve workers in mandatory training programs to enable them better understand the maintenance of the plant species. This would make them more efficient and effective in the organizationââ¬â¢s operations and enable them provide quality services to customers. This would enabl e the organization develop guidance procedures on how to treat every plant during the plant growth and development. This will be supplied to each customer who buys any plant. Goal 4: to enhance the customerââ¬â¢s decision making process through improved communication. The organization will adopt an integrated marketing communication by investing in other traditional channels of communication like TV stations and newspapers to advertise its services. Promotional campaigns will be implemented to ensure that the organizationââ¬â¢s reputation reaches the whole nation. Conclusion Strategic management has to be adopted and made specific to every functional unit of an organization. Each unit in the organization should also have specific benchmarks to evaluate their performance so as to ensure that every functional unit of the organization is line with the organizationââ¬â¢s goals and mission. Reference List Chen, M.-J, Hambrick, D. C, Nag, R. (2007). What is strategic management, really? Inductive derivation of a consensus definition of the field. Strategic Management Journal. 28(9), 935ââ¬â955. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. Davidow, W Uttal, B. (1990). Total customer service. New York: Harper Perennial Books. Heskett, J. (1986). Managing in the service economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Lamb, R. B. (1984). Competitive strategic management. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Ohmae, K. (1982). The Mind of the Strategist. New York: McGraw Hill, New York. Probst, G, Raub, S. Romhardt K. (1999). Managing knowledge. London: Wiley. 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Saturday, March 7, 2020
Victor E. Frankl Writes of the Meaning and Purpose of Life and Humanity essays
Victor E. Frankl Writes of the Meaning and Purpose of Life and Humanity essays Victor E. Frankl is known both as an internationally famous psychiatrist, and as the author of Man's Search for Meaning, noted as one of the top 10 influential books in America by a Library of Congress survey. Frankl's work has been widely read, and 151 books have been published about Frankl and his work in 15 different languages. He had received 29 Honorary Doctorates, and lectured at 209 universities. He passed away in Man's Search for Meaning starts with a deeply descriptive look at Frankl's five-year imprisonment in Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps. The second section of his work is a detailed description of logotherapy, the psychotherapeutic model developed by Frankl. He sees the human desire for meaning and purpose in life as the fundamental driving force of humanity. In Man's Search for Meaning, Frankl manages to successfully marry an abstract psychological theory with a deeply human, Frankl's fundamental tenets of existentialism focus closely on the "will to meaning", which is simply humankind's need to find purpose and meaning in life. Frankl sees humankind's basic underlying motivation in life as the need to live a purposeful and meaningful life. Frankl embraces individual freedom, the subjective understanding of life, and individuality in his discussions about the purpose and meaning of life. As such, Frankl clearly considers existentialism to be valuable to the quest for wisdom. Frankl's comments about spiritual freedom are sometimes profound and insightful. In the midst of his time in the concentration camp, and forced into yet another day of hard labor, and fighting a deep fear of his wife's death and torture, he begins to understand that spiritual freedom is found within. Frankl writes, "A thought transfixed me: for the first time in my life I saw the truth as it is set into song by so ...
Thursday, February 20, 2020
Surrealism and 'True' Reality in Quentin Tarantino's Films Essay
Surrealism and 'True' Reality in Quentin Tarantino's Films - Essay Example According to the findings, it can, therefore, be said that Tarantino directed the films in such a way that they were explicitly more or less about redemption. Also artistically, they are postmodern. Such that they tend to blend genres and are also highly allusive. In both the films, the characters struggle to become ââ¬Å"realâ⬠people and live a ââ¬Å"realâ⬠life without succeeding. This is because the redemption they seek is achieved through suffering and even death, as in the case of the gangsters in Reservoir Dogs. Hence, there is no desire to shed the uniforms and become ââ¬Å"realâ⬠people.à Tarantino aims at reflecting a postmodern sensibility about an ability to know and understand the world and also, about the value and significance that every personââ¬â¢s life has and also their actions. The films illustrate the ââ¬Å"realâ⬠world as the civilian world, one without struggle and any need for redemption. In order for one to become a ââ¬Å"realâ⠬ person, they needed to shed their uniform. However,à some removed their uniforms without any intentions of redemption.
Tuesday, February 4, 2020
Engineering - Sustainability and Innovation Assignment
Engineering - Sustainability and Innovation - Assignment Example The place should exude warmth and confidence. Sustainable construction is therefore very critical to the economic, social and environmental fabric of society. Estimates suggest that in developing countries about 40% of the human population would be living in cities compared to 20% that was present in 1950. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) Around 40,000 sq.km of cultivable land is being urbanized every year. The worst areas that are going to be hit are the developing countries where infrastructure boom is coming up in the next few years. It is understood that the building designs are capable of lasting 80-100 years on an average. It is therefore very important that a construction having such large scale life should be built in a sustainable manner so that fits into the surrounding environment. It can be argued that while lands that are used for irrigation being converted to concrete jungles would inevitably lead to loss of farming and have an adverse effect on the food chai n around the world, rise in construction activity would lead to increase in jobs in the construction sector. Estimates indicate that around 3 trillion US dollars are being pumped into the construction sector annually and this accounts for 10% of the world GDP. (Moavenzadeh F, 1994) An estimated 111million worker of which 74% belong to the developing countries and of this 28% engaged in industrial development is what has been found out per the last census. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) While it cannot be argued that construction is a sector that generates large scale employment, its drawback is lack of job security and personal health issues of working personnel. This sector is also predominantly male and since most of the jobs are in the unorganised sector their issues are not aptly addressed. A survey conducted in UK indicated that around 600 workers die annually due to asbestos intoxication, 30% suffer skin disorders and around 40% have bone and ligament fractures. ( Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) About 55000 workers die annually due to construction related accidents. Environment related incidents are the next major cause of concern which has strengthened the call more strongly for sustainable construction. Deforestation and illegal mining with scant respect to the nature is harmful to the environment. Apart from this energy a large amount of energy is also consumed in transporting these raw materials from its area of origin to other developing countries. (Bossink & H.J Brouwers, 1996) A concept introduced in 1970 called the embodied energy tries to calculate the sum total energy that would be required right from its inception stage, transportation and finally till the construction stage. The effort always is to limit the amount of embodied energy so that one can move towards sustainable construction. The major source of greenhouse emissions is usually for the production of cement which entails a significant amount of fossil fuel bur ning. Estimates suggest that by 1950 the CO2 emissions would be around four times the present amount. (Sustainable Building & Construction, 2003) It has also been suggested that in the interests of the environment it is best that a greater building density is better compared to a low building density. This would entail
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