Filipino Values Essay

The Filipino value system arises from our culture or way of life, our distinctive way of becoming human in this particular place and time. We speak of Filipino values in a fourfold sense. First, although mankind shares universal human values, it is obvious that certain values take on for us a distinctively Filipino flavor. Secondly, when we speak of Filipino values, we do not mean that elements of these Filipino values are absent in the value systems of other peoples and cultures. All people eat, talk and sing, but they eat different foods, speak various languages and sing different songs. Thus, we easily recognize Filipino, American, Chinese, Japanese or any other foreign food, language or music. The difference lies in the way these elements are ranked, combined or emphasized so that they take on a distinctively Filipino slant or cast. For instance, in China, honesty and hard work may rank highest; Chinese and Japanese cultures give great value to politeness and beauty; American culture to promptness and efficiency; and Filipino culture to trust in God and family centeredness. In this sense of value-ranking and priority of values, we can speak of dominant Filipino values. Thirdly, universal human values in a Filipino context (historical, cultural, socio-economic, political, moral and religious) take on a distinctive set of Filipino meanings and motivations. This is true not only of the aims and goals, beliefs, convictions, and social principles of the traditional value system of the lowland rural family but also of what Fr. Horacio de la Costa, S. J. alls the Filipino â€Å"nationalistic† tradition(pagsasarili,pagkakaisa,pakikisama, pakikipagkapwa-tao, and pagkabayani. ) A Filipino value or disvalue does not exist alone, in isolation or in a vacuum. Filipino values like bahala na, utang na loob, hiya, pakikisama, pakiusap are clustered around core values like social acceptance, economic security, social mobility, and are always found in a definite context or set of circumstances. Fourthly, we can speak of Filipino values in the sense that the historical consciousness of values has evolved among our people. The Filipino concept of justice has evolved from inequality to equality, and to human dignity; from the tribe, to the family, and to the nation. Filipino consciousness of these different values varies at different periods of our history. It is only in the last two decades that the Filipino people have become more conscious of overpopulation and family planning, environmental pollution (Kawasaki sintering plant) and wildlife conservation (Calauit Island), and the violation of human rights (Martial Law), active non-violence and People Power (1986 non-violent Revolution).

Disaster management approaches for libraries in India

Abstraction The present paper highlights the catastrophe and its direction in general and in libraries in electronic age. The paper besides suggested the direction methods of catastrophe in libraries. Libraries are the keeper of our history, civilization and civilisation. They are maintaining the heritage of the state in safe for last 1000s of old ages. The precaution against catastrophe for the libraries is really of import. Safeguard should be in such planned ways that save the resources of library without any harm. In India libraries are non concentrating on catastrophe direction due to unawareness and dearth of financess. Libraries and reputed Information Centres should organize plan on catastrophe direction in libraries. There should be developing and workshop plan for library forces every bit good as for library users. Library and pull offing authorization should do necessary agreement for the effectual plan of catastrophe direction in libraries. Disaster direction plan should be implement ed from the initial phase ( from the building of edifice for any administration ) . Key-Words:Catastrophe, Disaster Management, Natural Disaster, Man-Made Disaster, Disaster Management – Libraries, Artificial Disaster 1. Introduction: Now libraries of India transforming themselves from traditional library to modern library or we may state automated, electronic, digital, practical or intercrossed libraries. With the development of engineering alterations, the development of hardship besides increased. Adversity or catastrophe may be natural an artificial besides. Disaster and its direction ( Disaster Management ) now becomes the firing subject in many field due to natural catastrophe as cyclone, twister, temblor, fire due to heavy rain, H2O inundation etc. and unreal catastrophe as power grid failure, web failure, fire, waiter fail, short -circuit etc. In libraries, governments and libraries are non giving their attending for direction of any sort of catastrophe. In India except some progress libraries, most of libraries have no prearrangement for catastrophe. Libraries have our history. Civilization and civilization in books and in electronic signifier, if any catastrophe occurred they will lose valuable history, Civilization and civilization. 2. Catastrophe Catastrophe is an unexpected, black go oning transporting inordinate mutilation, harm, and devastation and desolation to life and belongings. The mutilation caused by catastrophes is incalculable and differs with the topographical location, clime and the type of the Earth surface/degree of susceptibleness. These effects may be mental, socio-economic, political and cultural province of the affected country. Catastrophe may be work forces made ( Artificial ) and natural. Some definition of catastrophe as follow: An happening doing widespread devastation and hurt ; a catastrophe.† Emergency â€Å"A serious state of affairs or happening that happens out of the blue and demands immediate action [ 1 ] .† ( American Heritage Dictionary. 3 rd. ed. , 1996 ) In modern-day academe, catastrophes are seen as the consequence of jeopardies on vulnerable countries. Hazards that occur in countries with low exposure do non ensue in a catastrophe ; as is the instance in uninhabited parts. ( Quarantelli 1998 ) [ 2 ] . Acatastropheis a natural or semisynthetic ( or technological ) jeopardy ensuing in an event of significant extent doing important physical harm or devastation, loss of life, or drastic alteration to the environment. A catastrophe can be extensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as temblors, inundations, ruinous accidents, fires, or detonations. It is a phenomenon that can do harm to life and belongings and destruct the economic, societal and cultural life of people. [ 3 ] 2.1 Natural Catastrophe A natural catastrophe is an deduction when a natural danger touches creatures and/or the built atmosphere. The resulting harm is governed by on the capacity of the population to back up or contend the catastrophe: their resiliency. This apprehension is concentrated in the preparation: â€Å" catastrophes occur when jeopardies meet defencelessness † . A natural danger will hereafter ne'er consequence in a natural catastrophe in countries without exposure. Numerous uniquenesss like, landslides, temblors, eruptions, volcanic, cyclones and inundations are all natural jeopardies that kill 1000s of people and destroy moneys of district and goods every clip. Followings are the chief natural catastrophes:EarthquakesFloodsVolcanic eruptionsCyclonesBiological agents ( micro-organisms, insect or vermin infestation )Fires ( wildfires )Rain2.2. Artificial ( Men Made ) Catastrophe With the technological development the jeopardies besides grows. Artificial catastrophes besides can be caused by worlds. Dangerous stuffs exigencies include chemical tumbles and groundwater pollution. Workplace fires ( caused by short-circuit etc. ) are more common and can arise significant belongings mutilation and loss of life. Communities are besides defenseless to these menaces posed by overzealous groups who use fierceness against both people and belongings. In Artificial catastrophe, marks may include military and civilian authorities installations, international airdromes, high-profile landmarks and big metropoliss. In Cyber-terrorism involves onslaughts against computing machines ( server down, virus onslaught, choping and unauthorized entree etc. ) and networks done to intimidate or coerce a authorities or its people for political or societal aims. 3. Disaster direction It is a subject that includes devising, armed robbery, and reconstructing society when natural or human-made catastrophes occur. In general, any Crisis direction is the ageless procedure by which all persons, groups, and communities manage jeopardies in an attempt to avoid or hone the impact of catastrophes ensuing from the jeopardies ‘Disaster direction can be defined as the organisation and direction of resources and duties for covering with all human-centered facets of exigencies, in peculiar readiness, response and recovery in order to decrease the impact of catastrophes. [ 4 ] 4. Catastrophe in Libraries Catastrophe either natural or manmade may happen in any administration and at any topographic point of the universe. Its earnestness may be distinguished on preventative, pre-arrangement and other security methods. Now, libraries have entered in the age of electronic age but with the coming of engineering in libraries, the technological ( Artificial ) catastrophe has besides generated. Natural catastrophe like implosion therapy, temblor, cyclones, rain and Volcanic eruptions etc. are indistinguishable and non changed but traveling toward uncertainness due to planetary heating. Day to twenty-four hours semisynthetic catastrophe as power cuts, web failure, cooling- warming, larceny of books, web tower failure, struggle, noise, and force may happen in libraries. Besides these, fire, sever failure, crashing of computing machine besides are major catastrophe in libraries. Sometimes some misshaping may change over in major catastrophe in libraries. 5. Disaster Management in Libraries: Libraries are our guardian or custodian of our history, civilization and civilisation. They are maintaining these records in printed and non-printed papers. Students, scholar outlook are besides linked with libraries. So maintenance and security of libraries are indispensable from catastrophe etc. In this concern Indian libraries ( particularly authorities and public libraries ) frustrated us. Libraries are non so secured in this concern. Most of the libraries have non installed fire dismay system in their libraries. If installed, the care of these systems is zero, merely they became show peace. Libraries are besides faces many twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours catastrophe like power-cuts ( No holding generators ) , no heating-cooling system etc. Libraries are information Centre are besides organizing many workshop, conference and seminar of ICT but neglected the subject like catastrophe direction in libraries [ 5 ] . This is doomed of Libraries as they are supplying reading stuff ( books, diaries and encyclopaedias etc. ) on catastrophe direction to their users for research but for them, there is no such ageless plan in this concern. Fundss are besides a barrier in this concern as libraries non acquiring equal financess for purchase books etc. and these catastrophes are the secondary stage for the libraries. I personally observed in many libraries that there was no such preventative equipment and measuring for this catastrophe ( natural and semisynthetic ) . Catastrophe commanding program is a must be assimilated in preliminary planning of establishing a library and information Centre. Numerous minor arrows for a complete catastrophe direction program, which are independent of each other but are interwoven. Libraries either academic or public and authorization ( Government- Non-Government ) should do the undermentioned proviso in their libraries against catastrophe direction: Fruitful Plan: Each catastrophe has three stages: earlier, during and after. A variableness of programs is required to pull off with each of these stages. There should be fruitful program for catastrophe direction. Catastrophe program must cover complete of the library and information Centre including staff, readers, beginnings of information, equipment and substructure and it must be a concerted squad attempt. Mirror Server/ Backup:There should be agreement of mirror waiter and day-to-day backup of work should be taken on regular base by the competent library staff. Data backup should non maintain in library and be placed at minimal two topographic points. A responsible staff may take this backup with them. AMC of library waiter and UPC may be an alternate security step for this. Power Supply:There should be one chief switch of light system of library and topographic point to put MCV- Light accountant should be installed in the library to avoid short-circuit in light system. Duty:There should be arrested development of duties on staff and suited should be identified and sequence should be fixed in written and verbally. Suitable senior and junior staff should be incorporated in catastrophe planning. Power-Cuts: There should be installing of Solar Power System and UPS to provide the the uninterrupted power supply. Sound proof power generator may be installed for this system. Fire:Fire dismay system and fume sensor should be installed in library on each degree so that any type of fume and fire is detected. The staff preparation is indispensable to manage such system and should openings for staff to be qui vive of what is expected of them in the event of catastrophe. Library should placing imperative parts of the edifice, aggregations, apportioning deliverance primacies, acknowledging utility storage sites, supplying satisfactory fire protection. Extra Fundss Agreement: There should be an extra fund agreement to secure the preventative equipment and for doing such catastrophe agreement in libraries. Rain- Floods: It is impartial as of import to find where the H2O is coming from and should to halt it at its cause as it is to cover up the books. There should be agreement of H2O security out system around the library. The entree of H2O should travel in direct to toss off to earth. User Awareness Program: There should be a user consciousness plan sing the catastrophe direction. This plan may be included in user education/ orientation plan of the library. Workshop/Training and Conference: Time to clip library and information centres should form preparation and workshop plan on catastrophe direction in libraries. Disaster Management Agency:Library and information centres may engage Disaster Management Agency for catastrophe direction. Library may contract with such type of bureau ( Government and Private ) . There are many such types of bureaus are available ( on-line – offline ) for catastrophe direction.6. Decision:Now the scope of catastrophe has increased, natural catastrophe is increasing due to planetary heating and unreal catastrophes ( man-made ) are increasing with the coming of Information Communication Technology. Pre-planning for catastrophe is really of import as this direction is inter-linked on each other. These planning should be implemented from the initial stage ( from the point of building of edifice of any administration like libraries ) . Time to clip mock drill should besides implement for proving of the plan. Care of such process is besides really of import. Government, non-government and pull offing governments should besides pay more attending on this issue. Go vernment should besides do such positive policies for libraries and information sing the execution of catastrophe direction.Related BibliographyAparac-Gazivoda, T. and Katalenac, D. ( 1993 ) Wounded libraries in Croatia, Zagreb: Croatian Library Association. Archives, Aldershot: Ashgate.Featherstone, Robin M. , Lyon, Becky J, and Ruffin, Angela B. ( 2008 ) .Librarian’s Role in Disaster Response: an Oral History Project. Journal of Medical Library Association, 96,256-282.doi 10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.009.Golrick, Michael A. ( 2009 ) . Disaster direction: Stairss in the procedure. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //michaelgolrick.blogspot.com/2009/03/disaster-management-plan-steps-in.html.Saint matthews, G. and Eden, P. ( 1996 ) Disaster direction in British libraries. Project study with guidelines for library directors, London: The British Library.Saint matthews, Graham, & A ; Eden, Paul. ( 1996 ) â€Å" Disaster direction preparation in libraries † , Library R eview, Vol. 45 Iodine: 1, pp.30 – 38Riedlmayer, A. ( 2007 ) ‘Crimes of war, offenses of peace: devastation of libraries during and after the Balkan wars of the 1990s’ , Library Trends 1 ( 56 ) , 107-132.1

Elizabeth A Dangerous World Of Political Conspiracy

Elizabeth was the daughter of a disrespected and executed mother; Elizabeth was the last in line to take over the throne of England. Elizabeth was born into a dangerous world of political conspiracy, on September 7th, 1533. England had been ravaged by religious conflict, was at war with Spain and France, and in debt when Elizabeth took control of the throne. Scandals and politics made Elizabeth reject Robert Dudley, her true love, and execute his stepson, Lord Essex. This book shows the witty, vain, calculating, and brilliant, Elizabeth that the world never knew. When Elizabeth was only two years old when King Henry VIII, who was also Elizabeth’s father, killed her mother, Ann Boleyn, because Ann had not given Henry a male heir. Since the beheading of Elizabeth’s stepmothers every few years was normal for King Henry, it traumatized Elizabeth. King Henry finally did father a son, Edward VI, he did not live long, he died at the age of sixteen, and then Mary I, Elizabeth s sister, took over the throne in 1553. Elizabeth was extremely intelligent; she excelled in her studies far beyond anyone ever thought she would. Then Sir Thomas Wyat started a rebellion that threatened Mary s rule. Mary believed Elizabeth had been involved in the rebellion and then trapped Elizabeth in the Tower of London. Elizabeth survived this ordeal and became queen when Mary died in 1558, by a combination of luck and skillful persuasion. Elizabeth smoothly unified power and returned England toShow MoreRelated Queen Elizabeth the First Essays1762 Words   |  8 Pages Elizabeth â€Å"Semper Eadem† Prologue Known as The Golden Age in English history, the 45 year rule of Queen Elizabeth I turned the declining country of England, into one of the most powerful and prosperous countries in the world. 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Its use as a medicin e has existed for thousands of years in many countries world wide and is documented as far back as 2700 BC in ancient Chinese writings. When someone says ganja, cannabis, bung, dope, grass, rasta, or weed, they are talking about the same subject: marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized because the government could earn money from taxes on its sale, its value to the medical world outweighs its abuse potential, and because of its importance to the paper and clothingRead MoreEssay on The Spanish Armada2030 Words   |  9 Pagesfacilitated her accession, supported her against the claims of Mary Stuart, and intervened powerfully in her favor to prevent French aid from being sent to Scotland. When England had emerged triumphant at the treaty of Edinburgh (1560), Elizabeth sent him a special mission of thanks, with the Catholic Lord Montague at its head, to whom she gave a dispensation from the laws of England in order that he might practice Catholicism during the embassy. 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Joseph  Fouchà ©Ã‚  is credited with developing the first modern political espionage system, and Frederick II of PrussiaRead Moreâ€Å"the Spirit of Renaissance and Elizabethan Era†5448 Words   |  22 Pagesthan a rebirth. It was also an age of new discoveries, both geographical (exploration of the New World) and intellectual. Both kinds of discovery resulted in changes of tremendous import for Western civilization. In science, for example, Copernicus (1473-1543) attempted to prove that the sun rather than the earth was at the center of the planetary system, thus radically altering the cosmic world view that had dominated antiquity and the Middle Ages. In religion, Martin Luther (1483-1546) challengedRead MoreCauses of the Salem Witch Trials: Political, Religious and Social5005 Words   |  21 Pageshysteria, rigors of puritan childrearing and ergot poisoning as explanations for the afflicted girls behaviors. 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Porphyria s Lover By Robert Browning - 1472 Words

Robert Browning’s dramatic monologue entitled â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† tells the story of a meeting between a man and a woman that begins filled with romance, but quickly turns sinister. Porphyria visits the speaker at his cottage late at night, to confess her love for him even though they cannot be together. The speaker, filled with happiness in the newfound knowledge that Porphyria â€Å"worshiped† him, kills her by strangling her with her own hair in order to free her from her â€Å"vainer ties† and allow them to be together. He then opens her eyes, props her head on his shoulder, and sits with her all night in an effort to preserve the moment (1278-1279). Perhaps one of his most controversial poems, Browning’s â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† has been analyzed in various different ways since its publication. Some see it as the simple description of a crime committed by a madman, and others see it as an expression of the male speaker ’s uncontrollable, misogyny fueled desire to possess Porphyria as an object; others still see this poem as a statement on the disadvantageous society where things such as social class and expectations are deciding factors in relationships between men and women. In â€Å"Projection and the Female Other: Romanticism, Browning, and the Victorian Dramatic Monologue,† U. C. Knoepflmacher sees the murder of Porphyria, as well as many of Browning’s other works, as the expression of a man’s desire to possess the â€Å"Female Other,† a concept that in some literary works, women areShow MoreRelatedRobert Browning s Porphyria s Lover 938 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath in different ways. Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† has few similarities with â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night† by Dylan Thomas. These authors have drastic differences when talking about death. Browning discusses how killing is a power play in a poem about the speaker gaining control, and Thomas talks about the transience of life in a poem about fighting death. In one of Robert Browning’s most unsettling dramatic monologues, â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover,† Browning tells a story of a manRead MorePorphyria s Lover By Robert Browning936 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Browning’s â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† is a perfect representation of the status of women during the Victorian Era; women were treated as objects not people. They were property of men, not individuals. In this poem, the speaker, Porphyria’s lover, murders Porphyria and does not only think it was okay to do so, but he also thinks what he has done is noble. In the lines shown above, the speaker begins to realize that Porphyria loves him. Not only does she love him, but she â€Å"worships† him. This furtherRead MoreRobert Browning s Porphyria s Lover967 Words   |  4 Pagesinstance, the poet, Robert Browning relates how an obsessive relationship can change someone’s life in a blink of an eye. Through the use of personification, imagery and character, Browning’s poem â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† proves that love can make anyone deranged. First, Browning uses personification to demonstrate the idea that love can make someone disturbed, for example, â€Å"The sullen wind was soon awake,† (Line 2). As the character in this poem sits in his dark cottage pinning over his lover, he labels theRead MorePorphyria s Lover By Robert Browning And The Wind1830 Words   |  8 Pages In the poems, â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† By Robert Browning and â€Å"The Wind† by William Morris, the poets, both share the events surrounding the murder of a young woman, however â€Å"The wind† is widely considered to be set 25 years later and reflection of the murder in â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover†. Both poems are told by an unreliable narrator, who forces the readers to question exactly what occurred. In the poems, the reader can draw similarities and differences between how the unreliable narrator distorts our viewRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Porphyria s Lover By Robert Browning1959 Words   |  8 PagesWith so much poetry coming out of Britain it can be hard for any of it to stand out from the rest, but â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† by Robert Browning and â€Å"A Poison Tree† by William Blake manage to stand out from other poems. These two poems differ in structure, writing style, and voice but both have something that sticks them out from the rest; murderers without a moral compass. While murder isn’t new to poetry it is rare to find it as nonchalant as it is in these two poems. These killers were not killingRead MoreA Brief Note On Robert Browning s Porphyria s Lover And The Laboratory1972 Words   |  8 PagesContributory Factors to the Murders in Robert Browning’s â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"The Laboratory.† The word ‘love’ possesses such complexity and magnitude that people commonly have a hard time defining it effectively without oversimplifying. Given the true intensity of feeling, jealousy is often said to be synonymous with being in love and the real impact love can have on a person can be unpredictable. Considering this, The Cambridge Dictionary defines a ‘crime of passion’ as a crimeRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe1235 Words   |  5 PagesAnnabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by the women that had passed away in his life, but since Poe had written the poem after his wife s death, it is probably more about her. In Porphyria s Lover by Robert Browning, there was no real inspiration except the fact he was just very into dramatic love. Robert Browning in the impulsive Porphyria s Lover and Edgar Allan Poe in the somber Annabel Lee explore the theme of complicated love all throughout their poems and also their use of visualRead MoreThe Power Of Dark Love1217 Words   |  5 Pagesin â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† says, â€Å"That moment she was mine, mine, fair, perfectly pure and good† (Browning, lines 36-37). Both Robert Browning and Edgar Allan Poe share a love for the themes of obsession, desire, and complicated love. Each of those three themes play an important role in dark love poetry. Each poet describes the main character in their poems as a woman worthy of the speaker’s obsessive, complicated, and desirable love. Both Robert Browning’s tragic â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and Edgar AllanRead MorePorphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess By Robert Browning1510 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Browning is a romantic and victorian poet who writes from a speaker’s perspective while a listener is listening to what the speaker reveals about him or herself. Oscar Wilde, author of The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde, once exclaimed, â€Å"In art, Browning can make action and psychology one!† A healthy and fully expressed relationship is the bond between two people, consisting of trust, honesty, and respect (Denham et al. 397). Within â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"My Last Duchess,† Robert BrowningRead MoreCompare My Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover1098 Words   |  5 PagesLove That Kills (Comparing and Contrasting of â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover†) While reading the poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† by Robert Browning, there is a large possibility that you may be left haunted by the words that were written on the paper. â€Å" This is not to say that he was blandly optimistic, as he is sometimes portrayed. He wrote fully about the world s cruelty and vice and was quite frank that he had himself had no divine revelation. Nevertheless, he resolved

The Dishonesty of Honest People (Paper Summary) - 1589 Words

Dishonesty of Honest People: A theory of Self-Concept maintenance. Main idea ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · People think of themselves as honest. Yes, in reality dishonesty pays quite generously (give examples) The paper demonstrates that their convenience people become dishonest enough to profit but also behave honestly enough to maintain their self-concept. Why are People Dishonest? ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Origins of theory date from Adam Smith/Thomas Hobbes using Homo Economicus as a base reference. Aka â€Å"Rational Man† who acts consciously and deliberately to trade off benefits and costs of dishonest acts. Within a dishonest act there is normally a balance of tradeoffs: 1. the amount that is to be gained 2. Likelihood†¦show more content†¦Or individuals who came from a society that was organized on Abrahamic religious norms. Would the ten commandments have been effective on Hindus? Or Zoroastrians? Comment [MS4]: Perhaps it had more to do with their knowledge or lack of, in regards to the amount of money available to them as a reward Control group 1(50 cents): No possibility to cheat: as expected Control group 2(2 dollars) No possibility to cheat: as expected Recycle group 1(50 cents):Possibility to cheat: They cheated relative to the ctrl ( but only 13.5% out of 20 max). Cheating was slightly more common in the 50cent condition Recycle group 2 (2 dollars) Possibility to cheat: They cheated relative to those in ctrl (but only 13.5% out of 20 max) Recycle+ Honor code(signed agreement) group1(50 cents): indistinguishable from ctrl (but significantly different from the recycle groups) Recycle+Honor code(signed agreement) group2(2 dollars): indistinguishable from ctrl (but significantly different from recycle groups) ï‚ · Experinment 3: Tested whether a rise categorization malleability, increases level of dishonesty. Whether dishonesty would be motivated by external rewards of money or via intermediary medium(token). Control group 1(50 cents): No possibility to cheat: as expected Comment [MS5]: No support for H1. Easier to claim more in this instance as dishonesty is less salient due to reduced reward level? (They have their ownShow MoreRelatedThe Dishonesty of Honest People (Paper Summary)1597 Words   |  7 PagesDishonesty of Honest People: A theory of Self-Concept maintenance. Main idea ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · People think of themselves as honest. Yes, in reality dishonesty pays quite generously (give examples) The paper demonstrates that their convenience people become dishonest enough to profit but also behave honestly enough to maintain their self-concept. Why are People Dishonest? ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Origins of theory date from Adam Smith/Thomas Hobbes using Homo Economicus as a base reference. 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Shafron V Australian Securities and Investments Commission

Question: Discuss about the Shafron V Australian Securities and Investments Commission. Answer: Introduction It was in the year 2012, that a significant clarification of the scope of the duties of the directors of a corporation was provided by the High Court of Australia in the case of Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2012) 286 ALR 612 (Shafron) (High Court of Australia, 2012). This was the case in which the extent of the responsibility of an individual who has been granted a position of an officer within the meaning of section 9 of the Corporations Act 2001 (CA). Also, it was clearly stated that an individual who has been an officer could undertake dual roles within an organization under section 9 of the Act as per the extent of responsibility which was provided in this case (Scott, 2012). So, in these kinds of cases the dual roles were not able to be departed for the objectives of examining the duty of care and diligence which was owed by the officer under section 180(1) of the Act. So, in this case, Shafron has specifically clarified what all comprises of participation in making a pronouncement for the objectives of the meaning of the word Officer which was stated in s 9(b) (i) of the CA (Sainty Law, 2012). Background and facts of the Case In August 1998, Mr. Shafron i.e. the plaintiff was appointed by Hardie as a general advocate and company secretary (CS) of the corporation. Though, until November 1998 he was not appointed by the corporation as a CS in a formal manner. In November 1999 with the plaintiff, Mr. Donald Cameron was employed as a united CS of Hardie. In February 2001, the board of directors of Hardie had a meeting in order to consider an offer to depart from the James Hardie group two corporations with major asbestos obligations. The Plaintiff was found to have been in contravention of the section 180(1) of the Act by: Failing to recommend the board of directors of Hardie, that some supplementary data in regard to the partition offer would have been revealed to the Australian Stock Exchange, and Failing to recommend the board of directors of Hardie that an actuarial statement on which the board of directors were dependent in bearing in mind the division proposal did not grant for superimposed price rise when a cautious story would have done so (Tam, 2012). Outline the duties/responsibilities breached and explain why the duties were breached. Section 180(1) of the CA, specifically states that directors of an organization must perform their authorities and fulfill their obligations with the due extent of care and diligence that a prudent individual would work out if they were: The directors or officers of an organization in the situations of an organization; and The officers who were engaged in the office which was held by at the same time had the similar tasks within the organization as, the director or officer (DApice and Curran, 2012). Duties of directors which have been defined under section 180(1) of CA connect not only to directors but to the officers in a broad manner. It was established by the Court of Appeal that the plaintiff was an officer on two different basics as; He was the CS of Hardie, and He was an individual who makes, or contributes in making pronouncements that put an impact upon the entire, or a considerable part, of the trade of the organization. On request, the plaintiff disputed that his duties while being in the position of a CS were restricted to the roles of the CS, and did not broaden to his broad counsel roles (Freeman, 2016). The Plaintiff also want to demarcate his roles while being in the position of a CS by disagreeing that they should be associated to the roles of his cooperative CS, Mr. Cameron, whose roles were chiefly managerial. It was further argued by the plaintiff that he was not an individual who contributed in making the verdict in connection to the parting offer, as it was a pronouncement for the board of directors, of which he was not a part. Lastly, the plaintiff stated that if he was a bureaucrat (on either basis), he had, in any occasion, not violated his obligations in connection both the concern relating to the ASX or the actuarial (Australian Institute of Company Directors, 2017). It was clearly observed by the tribunal that it was significantly to be suspicious for the fact that Mr. Shafron being the director of the corporation could have implemented certain roles in a capacity of a CS and other functions like being a general counsel. There was no proof that the plaintiff has performed some tasks in one capacity and other work in another. Because the responsibilities of a specific CS in specific corporations were the matters of fact, proof of the roles of Mr. Cameron did not show that company secretarial functions of the plaintiff were correspondingly administrative (Hickey and Lam, 2015). The tribunal then measured whether, if the functions of Mr. Shafron could be separated, the division would have an effect on the result. It also renowned that section 180(1) (b) of the Act secures the degree of care and diligence by indicating to the office held and the tasks with the organization of the relevant officer (Comino, 2014). It was then that it was concluded by the tribunal that the term responsibilities which was mentioned in section 180(1) (b) have been defined as the real responsibilities of the authentic officer, not simply the statutory tasks of an individual who holds the office of CS. The findings of the Court of Appeal were at this time was agreed by the tribunals which granted a recommendation in connection to the issue of ASX which was within area of responsibility of the plaintiff. Also, the grant of such suggestion which was granted in connection to the actuarial issue was also within the area of responsibility which was imposed upon the plaintiff being in the position of the director (Wotton Kearney, 2012). Consequently, the responsibilities of Mr. Shafron by being in the position of a company secretary of Hardie were broad enough to hold up a judgment that he owed the duties of an officer in carrying out all of those responsibilities. As per the verdict which was given by the Court of Appeal of New South Wales was appealed and as per the Act the plaintiff was found to be in violation of his obligation of care and diligence by: Failing to give an opinion to the other directors on board that the draft ASX statement which was approved by the Board was deceptive; and Failing to give an opinion to the board that the information which was granted by actuarial Consultants i.e. the plaintiff had been preserved on behalf of JHIL, and This granted the foundation for a cash flow form which was measured by the board in connection to the projected reformation of JHIL, did not take into consideration the the price rises (Mire, 2014). Then the plaintiff approached the High Court and put forward his case. The basic reason of his petition was that though he established that section 180(1) of the CA although would be applicable on him as he was a CS. But the violation of section 180(1) which ASIC had suspected against him were alarmed with measures which he made in his competence as general advocate and not as an executive of JHIL. In other words it could be stated that, his function as general counsel and CS was isolatable into jobs which he embarked on as advocate, and then the responsibilities he assumed as CS. The idea which was provided and mentioned above was rejected that the plaintiff could segregate his tasks and competences. To a certain extent, it was concluded by the tribunal that the responsibilities of Mr. Shafron were inseparable and must be observed as an amalgamated completely (Norton Roseful Bright, 2012). So, in order to reach such conclusion it was specifically established that in order to settle on the range of everyday jobs of an official of a corporation, an individual must inspect all of the work which was carried out for that organization by that officer. In specific it was noted by the tribunal that: The capacity of the role of the plaintiff as a CS could not be determined simply by an evaluation to the function of his co-secretary, whose function never developed to be above merely managerial roles. The Plaintiff did not produced any proof which would have verified or suggested that he carried out certain tasks in the capacity of being a CS, while he carried out others in a different capacity of being a counsellor. The designation of general advocate and CS signified specifically that a significant part of the responsibility of the plaintiff was to take the essential ladders to make sure that JHIL have fulfilled with all pertinent lawmaking necessities. Such requirements include those that were applicable to JHIL as a listed corporation, and that this was related to the stipulation of essential recommendation (Konstantinidis, 2012). When a secured guidance from third parties was taken by the plaintiff then put that guidance before the board of directors of JHIL for its utilization, his liabilities did expanded for recognizing the restrictions of the recommendation which was provided by the third party. So, it was established and pronounced by the tribunal that the extent of care and diligence which was mentioned in section 180(1) of the Act was single-minded by observing at the situations of the organization. The section has also included the workplace and liabilities of a director within the organization that the director in subject had. Therefore, it was clearly specified by the tribunal that to what extend the director would be liable and what responsibilities he had within the organization, in spite of how or why those tasks came to be forced on the official. So, the appeal what the dismissed by the tribunal by stating that a person who was a CS with a lawful background would be predictable to raise issue relating to the probable misleading declarations which were there in revelation duties. Also, it was because of the close participation of the plaintiff in the actuary recommendation that the elevating of the restrictions of that recommendation was an accountability that fell within liability of the plaintiff while being in the position of a CS (Austin, Standen, and Reynolds, 2012). Implications The inference of the verdict which was granted in this case had no doubt been the subject of further discussion and investigation. As what was clearly observed in this case was that a CS who was also general advocate would not be able to simply divide his or her work among the capacity of being a general counsel and CS. It was done more or less, when that conduct was being questioned by the request of section 180(1) of the Act. CS with a lawful backdrop should also take into account that they have to not depend on opinion which was founded from third parties, and should make sure that the board was informed of the restrictions that instruction would have (Jacobson, 2012). Conclusion So, at the end it was concluded that the plaintiff had a far-reaching implications for those helping both as officer, within the meaning of section 9 of the CA and other functions. The verdict makes it clear that the two functions were not departed for the objective of the obligation of care and diligence necessities of the CA. The function of an officer enlarges not only to the legislative responsibilities but to the responsibilities which were essentially undertaken by the officer. So, in this case, the plaintiff could not segregate his responsibilities as the CS and as general counsel. Finally the matter reconfirmed that the standard of care in section 180(1) as integrating the actual responsibilities the officer disturbed had within the corporation not just the statutory responsibilities. And, this verdict served as another advice to those who serve on boards which were covered by the CA, that a high standard of care would be required. Similarly a prejudiced knowledge as well as dedicated responsibilities may enlarge this standard further (Boyce, 2012). References Austin, R., Standen, M., and Reynolds, C. (2012) The High Court decides the James Hardie case. [Online] Minter Ellison. Available from: https://www.minterellison.com/files/uploads/Documents/Publications/Alerts/NA_20120509_JamesHardieDecision.pdf [Accessed on 19/1/17] Australian Institute of Company Directors. (2017) Role of the company secretary.[Online] Australian Institute of Company Directors. Available from: https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/~/media/cd2/resources/director-resources/director-tools/pdf/05446-6-7-duties-directors_role-company-secretary_a4_web.ashx [Accessed on 19/1/17] Boyce, L. (2012) Shafron v ASIC - general counsel, or counsel of perfection?. [Online] Dibbs Barker. Available from: https://www.dibbsbarker.com/publication/Shafron_v_ASIC_-_general_counsel__or_counsel_of_perfection.aspx [Accessed on 19/1/17] Comino, V. (2014) James Hardie And The Problems Of The Australian Civil Penalties Regime, University of New South Wales Law Journal, 37(1), 195- 207. DApice, B and Curran, C. (2012) Company officers Duty of Care obligations for those who have more than one job description. [Online] Charities Not-For-Profits Law. Available from: https://www.charitiesnfplaw.com.au/2012/07/02/duty-of-care-obligations-for-employees-who-have-more-than-one-job-description/ [Accessed on 19/1/17] Freeman, I. (2016) Shafron V Australian Securities And Investments Commission [2012] Hca 18. [Online] Lavan. Available from: https://www.lavan.com.au/advice/corporate_services/james_hardie_when_is_an_in_house_counsel_liable_as_an_officer_of_a_company [Accessed on 19/1/17] Hickey, M, and Lam, V. (2015) Jumping at shadows shadow and de facto directors. [Online] Sparke Helmore Lawyers. Available from: https://www.sparke.com.au/insights/jumping-at-shadows-shadow-and-de-facto-directors/ [Accessed on 19/1/17] High Court of Australia. (2012) Peter James Shafron V Australian Securities And Investments Commission [2012] HCA 18. [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/judgment-summaries/2012/hcasum18_Shafron_v_ASIC.pdf [Accessed on 19/1/17] Jacobson, D. (2012) ASIC V Shafron: Liability Of Company Secretary (James Hardie). [Online] Bright Law. Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-shafron-liability-of-company-secretary-james-hardie/ [Accessed on 19/1/17] Konstantinidis, K. (2012) In-house counsel may be exposed to prosecution, disqualification, penalty or payment of legal costs. [Online] Colin Biggers Paisley Lawyers. Available from: https://www.cbp.com.au/publications/2012/august/in-house-counsel-may-be-exposed-to-prosecution,-di [Accessed on 19/1/17] Mire, S.L. (2014) Its not Fair!: The Duty of Fairness and the Corporate Regulator, Sydney Law Review 36(445), 446. Norton Roseful Bright. (2012) The James Hardie Decisions: Australian Securities Investments Commission v Hellicar Ors [2012] HCA17; Shafron v Australian Securities Investments Commission [2012] HCA 18 [Online] Norton Roseful Bright. Available from: https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/66582/the-james-hardie-decisions-australian-securities-investments-commission-v-hellicar-ors-hca17-shaf [Accessed on 19/1/17] Sainty Law. (2012) Shafron v ASIC: take-aways for General Counsel. [Online] Sainty Law. Available from: https://www.saintylaw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Shafron-Vs-ASIC-takeaway-August-2012.pdf [Accessed on 19/1/17] Scott, P. D. (2012) Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2012) 286 ALR 612 , University of Tasmania Law Review 31(2) 155. Tam, K. (2012) The sting for General Counsel in the James Hardie decisions - Shafron v ASIC and ASIC v Hellicar. [Online] Hunt Hunt Lawyers. Available from: https://www.hunthunt.com.au/SiteMedia/w3svc1265/Uploads/Documents/Shafron%20decisionMay2012.pdf [Accessed on 19/1/17] Wotton Kearney. (2012) High Court Rules James Hardie Directors Approved Misleading Asx Release. [Online] Wotton Kearney. Available from: https://www.wottonkearney.com.au/downloads/case%20note%20-%20james%20hardie%20directors%20approved%20for%20misleading%20asx%20release.pdf [Accessed on 19/1/17]

Wuthering Heights Essay Thesis Example For Students

Wuthering Heights Essay Thesis The Substantial Choices that Altered Many DestinationsBy: Rebecca SloanThe Earnshaws and the Lintons both made many substantial choices that arbitrated their egotistic and non-egotistic destinations. Throughout the course of Emily Brontes novel, Wuthering Heights, one may have noted Hareton and Catherines ability to overcome their differences, unlike their parents.Bronte shows the differences between her two main couples through their upbringing, characteristics, and their abilities. The elder Earnshaw and Lintons childhoods are different than the childhoods of their children. The Earnshaws upbringing was done at Wuthering Heights by their father. Wuthering Heights was a dark, stormy place, filled with anger and rejection.Mr. Earnshaw spoils Healthciff and is distraught if anyone shunned him, even if it were his own children. Hindley is the best example; Mr. Earnshaw shipped him away to college so that he could give all of his attention to Healthcliff and Catherine. Although Mr. Earnshaw died Hindley came back and forbid Healthcliff to study. Which automatically degraded Healthcliff to a mere servant on the heights. Through this quote told by Nelly, He drove him from their company to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labor outdoors instead.(38) Hindley pretty much gets total revenge on his father through punishing Healthcliff. Catherine spent five weeks with the Lintons at Thrushcross Grange, a happier home with loving parents and close family bonds.Its inhabitants, Edgar and Isabella, were brought up like royalty, so when Catherine arrived she was spoiled as well, Isabella emptied a plateful of cakes into her lap and.. They dried and combed her beautiful hair, and gave her a pair of enormous slippers, and wheeled her to the fire.(42) This clearly made Catherine more aware of her social status and who she wanted to be. It also opened her eyes to the truth about her true love Healthcliff. If she were to marry a rich man she could save him from her brother Hindley and learn to love Edgar. As she clearly told Nelly from her selfishness in Chapter nine Edgar must shake off his antipathy, and tolerate him I can aid Healthcliff to rise, and place him out of my brothers power This was normal for the time period, however, left Edgar whom truly loved Catherine with the no one to care for him. Edgar was a true man whose only bad trait was, loving Catherine. The children of these characters show stronger will power and the ability to overcome differences. Maybe it was the difference in their childhoods from their parents or that they had characteristics of all to bring them together and dismiss all hatred. Hindleys child Hareton was also brought up at the Heights. He, however, received love from Nelly in his early months. Although, he was very young this could have shifted his whole view of love. Nelly protected him from his fathers fits and loved him like he was her own. Hareton might not have remembered her but deep down knew he was loved. After Nelly left Wuthering Heights, Healthcliff raised Hareton. Due to Heathcliffs revenge on Haretons father Hindley, Hareton was brought up a worker on the farm and was not educated. We will write a custom essay on Wuthering Heights Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Catherine and Edgars child, Cathy, was brought up in Edgars home, Thrushcross Grange, in a happy environment. She was loved and sheltered by both her father and Nelly. Because of Edgars faith he was able to move past his loss, Cathys mother Catherine, and focus on loving his daughter. She was however, kept at the Grange and lived a very sheltered life. Her father and Nelly did not tell her about her relatives down the road because of her purity and her well being. Due to her childhood she was enabled to possess many favorable qualities that led her to dominate her own future, unlike her mother. Cathy was able to choose to be happy. She was capable of knowing right and wrong and whom she loves. Cathy knew it was wrong to make fun of Hareton so like her mother, she decided to help educate him. Unlike her mother, she overcame all of her selfishness and realized her love would overcome the unfavorable acts of her uncle. Like Hareton she was robbed of her land and money and forced to roam Wuthering Heights paying off the debts of her forebear. .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 , .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .postImageUrl , .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 , .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955:hover , .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955:visited , .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955:active { border:0!important; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955:active , .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955 .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8db2f1599c78dedb176e1e34f7e4955:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arvin-and-Edgar team bolsters Long Wharf EssayWhen Cathy came to the Heights, Hareton decided, just like Healthciff, that he wanted to learn to show Cathy that he is more than just a laborer. This quote clearly identifies Haretons feelings towards Cathys advent into his life and his evading of Healthcliff. He had been content with daily labor and rough animalenjoyments, til Catherine crossed his path- Shame at her scorn, and hope of her approval were his first prompters to higherpursuits; and instead of guarding him from one, and winning him the other, his endavours to raise himself had produced just thecontrary result. (259) These two pair of lovers made many decisions that altered their futures in many ways. The parents left their children with the same choices to make because of their lack of judgment. Hareton and Cathy were able to overcome many differences between both themselves and their parents. To many peoples surprise their decisions resulted in an almost perfect conclusion, a conclusion and future of unending happiness.